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=**15-13 renounce, re //nounce,// Nnake**= (v.) to give up or resign something (syn.) repudiate, disown, abdicate, abjure (ant.) retain, secure, affirm, assent, aver SUB+PP+AV+PP+S+TV+ADJ+DO Because of his dislike towards Caesar, Cassius renounces his name. =**15-11 raucous, //rau// cous, Milmoe**= (adj.) disagreeably harsh-sounding; disorderly (syn.) boisterous, clamorous, strident (ant.) placid, tranquil, peaceful, serene, pastoral CONJ+S+LV+PA+S+IV+PP+PP Because Cassius appears raucous, Brutus hesitates at the thought of killing Caesar.

=**15-2 acclimate, //ac// cli mate, Branam**= (v.) to adapt to a new climate, environment, or situation (syn.) accustom, learn the ropes Prep+AV+PP+OP+Prep+ADV+PP+PN+PN+S+AV+DO+ADV

Despite serving in the military for most of his life, Caesar acclimates to politics quickly.

=**15-4 complacent, com //pla// cent, Galvez**= = = (adj.) self-satisfied; overly content (syn.) smug, pleased with oneself (ant.) discontented, chagrined SUBC+S+V++PA+PP+S+AV+INF+OBJI+PP = = Because Cassius does not feel complacent about Caesar's growing power, he wants to form a conspiracy against him.

** 15-10 pandemonium, pan de //mon// i um, Miller **
(n.) a wild uproar, din, or commotion (syn.) chaos, tumult, bedlam, three-ring circus (ant.) order, calm, tranquility, peace, repose SUB+S+AV+DO+S+AV+DO After Caesar turns down the crown, one might expect pandemonium. =

=15-16 savory, //sav// o ry, Takacs= (adj) tasty, appetizing; pungent or salty, not sweet; inoffensive, respectable (syn) delectable, flavorful, aromatic, piquant (ant) distasteful, unpalatable, malodorous, bland SC+S+AV+DO+, +S+AV+ADJ+DO+INF Because he dislikes Caesar, Cassius gathers savory people to assassinate Caesar.

= 15-15 reticent, //ret// i cent, Sanders = (adj.) not inclined to speak; reserved; reluctant (syn.) taciturn, closemouthed, tight-lipped (ant.) talkative, garrulous, voluble, long-winded SC+S+TV+ADV+PP+GER+S+LV+PA+PP After Caesar falls subsequent to his crowning, Casca appears reticent during the situation.

=15-17 Somnolent, som //no// lent, McLaughlin= (adj.) sleepy, drowsy; inducing sleep (syn.) groggy, soporific (ant.) alert, lively, wide-awake, stimulating SC+S+AV+PP+PP+S+AV+PP+GER Before he passes out with foam at the mouth, Caesar feels somnolent after refusing the crown.

=15-8 Fracas, //fra// cas, Lazzaroni= (N.) A noisy quarrel or or brawl (Syn.) Row, altercation, rhubarb, brouhaha (Ant.) Agreement, accord, unanimity, harmony S+(REL PRO+TV+DO+ADJ) IV+ADV+INF-DO+OI+PP-ADV Cassius, who wants Caesar dead, does not want to create a fracas about it. =

=15-5 concur, con //cur,// Geritz= (v.) to express agreement, approve (syn.) agree, assent, ratify (ant.) disagree, differ SC+S+TV+DO+PP+S+IV+INF+DO Because Brutus concurs with Cassius, they plan to kill Caesar. =

= =15-12 receptive, re //cep// tive, Neskow= (adj.) open and responsive to ideas or suggestions (syn.) open-minded, tolerant, amendable (ant.) narrow-minded, intolerant, hidebound SC+S+LV+PA+PP+S+IV+PP Because the Romans are receptive to Flavius' ideas, they return to their jobs.

=15-7 explicate, //ex// pli cate, Lala= (v.) to make plain or clear, explain; to interpret (syn.) clarify, elucidate, untangle, spell out (ant.) confuse, bewilder, obscure, obfuscate SC+S+V+PP+S+V+DO+INF+OI+PP Before Cassius speaks to Casca, he explicates his plan to eliminate Caesar to Brutus.

=15-6 defamation, def a //ma// ion, //Karpers//= (n.) slander or libel (syn.) vilification, calumny, mudslinging (ant.) salute, tribute, testimonial, praise ADV+PP+PP+PP+S+APP+V+PP+PP Because of the defamation of Caesar at the hands of Cassius, Brutus, once his best friend, begins to look at Caesar in a new light.

=15-14 Repress, Re //press//, Partridge= (V.) to hold back; to put down or check by force (Syn.) subdue, curb, stifle, constrain, bottle up (Ant.) liberate, set loose,provoke, excite SC+S+AV+ADJ+DO, S+AV+PP+PP+ADJ+DO because Cassius fears Caesar's power, Cassius looks for support to repress Caesar's power.

=15-3 Chagrin, cha //grin//, Clark= (n.) irritation or humiliation caused by disappointment or frustration; (v.) to cause such a feeling (syn.) (n.) vexation, mortification; (v.) abash, mortify (Ant.) (n.) jubilation, exultation, triumph; (v.) exult, delight SC+S+CONJ+S+TV+DO+S+TV+DO+PP+INF Because Flavius and Marullus hate Caesar, they tell people in the streets to return to work. =

= =14-15 mandatory, //man// da tor y, Sanders= (adj.) required, obligatory (syn.)compulsory, requisite, imperative (ant.) optional, voluntary, discretionary SC+S+TV+DO+GER+PP+IV+PA Because Juliet drinks the potion, delivering a note to Romeo is mandatory =

= =**14-13 Loquacious, Lo //qua// cious, Nnake**= (Adj.) talkative, wordy; fond of talking (Syn.) gossipy, voluble, garrulous, long-winded (Ant.) silent, reticent, closemouthed, terse, taciturn SC+S+AV+DO+PP+S+AV+PP+ADJ+OP Because Tybalt taunts Romeo before their fight scene, he may appear as a loquacious character. =**14-14 Magnanimous, Mag //nan// i mous, Partridge**= (Adj.) Generous in forgiving, above small meanness (Syn.) Unselfish, Charitable, Noble, Bighearted (Ant.) Petty, Selfish, Unforgiving, Spiteful CONJ.+S+AUX.+ADV+AV+ADJ.,S+AV+DO Because Lady Capulet does not have a magnanimous character, Paris exiles Romeo.

=**14-2 Alleviate, al //le// vi ate//,// Branam**= (adj.) to relieve, make more bearable (syn.) lessen, lighten, allay, mitigate, assuage PP+Part Phrase.+S+AV+PN+AV+PA+PN+INF After hearing that Rosaline broke up with Romeo, Benvolio suggests that he should attend the Capulets feast to alleviate his sadness. =

=14-16 Nondescript, non des //cript//, Takacs= (adj) ordinary, not outstanding; not easily classified (syn) plain, unremarkable, unimpressive (ant) distinctive, remarkable, vivid, prepossessing SC+S+AV+,+S+AV+ADJ+DO+PP After Juliet dies, Romeo leaves nondescript Mantua for fair Verona

=14-17 Phlegmatic, phleg //mat// ic, McLaughlin= (adj.) slow-moving, sluggish; unemotional (syn.) lethargic, indolent, torpid, stolid, impassive (ant.) emotional, sensitive, thin-skinned, excitable SC+S+AV+PP+S+AV+INF+PP+PP After Rosaline breaks up with Romeo, Benvolio tries to remove his phlegmatic mood with the idea of the Capulet's party.

=14-8 Droll, Lazzaroni= (Adj.) Amusingly odd (Syn.) Comical, humorous, whimsical, zany (Ant.) Humorless, solemn, dour S+PP-ADJ+TV+DO+(Rel Pro+PP-ADJ+S+TV+INF-DO+OI+ADJ) The end of Act III shows the reader that at times Shakespeare wants to keep the mood droll. =

= =Disparage, dis //par// age, Karpers= (v.) to belittle, speak slightingly of, to undervalue (syn.) degrade, decry, run down, underrate (ant.) praise, extol, laud, plug CONJ+S+PP+S+AV+PP Because of Gregory and Sampson's disparaging gesture, a fight breaks out among the capulets and montagues.

=**14-10 elucidate, e lu ci //date//, Miller**= (v.) to clarify, explain (syn.) interpret, expound, explicate (ant.) obscure, becloud, muddy, obfuscate PP+AV+ADJ+DO+S+AV+PADJ+PP After Juliet leaves the Capulet house, she elucidates her predicament to Friar Lawrence.

=14-7 Dissonant, //dis// so nant, Lala= (adj.) not in harmony; disagreeing, at odds (syn.) grating, strident, unmelodious, irreconcilable (ant.) harmonious, agreeing, euphonious CONJ+PP+PP+S+V+ADV Because of the dissonant families of Verona, Romeo and Juliet marry secretly. =

= =14-12 loll, //loll//, Neskow= (v.) to act in a lazy manner; to lounge; to recline, droop (syn.) loaf, loiter, sag, dangle S+IV+PP+COOR+S+TV+DO+INF Juliet lolls in her bead motionless, for the potion forces her to sleep.

=**14-4 a p //pall,// Galvez**= (v.) to fill with dismay or horror (syn.) shock, stun, stupefy, horrify (ant.) please, cheer, gladden, elate, exhilarate CONJ+S+AV+ADV+INF+OBJINF+S+V Because Juliet does not want to marry Paris, her father was appalled.

=** 14-9 edict, //e// dict, Maimone **= (n.) an order issued by someone in authority (syn.) command, decree, proclamtion

S+AV+DO+IND. Relpro+AV+DO+PP

The prince issues an edict that banishes Romeo from Verona.

=14-5 bel //li// cose, Geritz= (adj.) warlike in manner, quarrelsome (syn.) aggressive, combative, belligerent (ant.) amicable, peaceable, pacific ADJ+S+TV+INF+DO+CONADJ+S+AV+DO The bellicose families fight to begin the novel; however, Romeo and Juliet love each other.

=
 * 14-3 antithesis, an tith e sis, Clark**
 * (n.) the direct opposite, a sharp contrast**
 * (syn.) contrary, antipode**
 * S+S+LV+PN+PP+COOR+S+AV+DO+Rel+Lv+pn**
 * Romeo and Juliet are antethisises of each other; however they love each other which seems odd.**

= =**13-17 sedate, se //date,// McLaughlin**= (adj.) quiet, settled, sober; (v.) to administer a tranquilizer (syn.) (adj.) unruffled, composed, cool and collected (ant.) (adj.) loud, brash, flashy, flamboyant, garish, flighty S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+COOR+S+S+LV+ADJ+PN Romeo wants a sedate marriage with Juliet, for the Montagues and Capulets are bitter enemies. =

= =**13-11 implacable, im //plac// a ble, Milmoe**= (adj.) not to be satisfied or pacified; unyielding (syn.) relentless, inexorable, unappeasable (ant.) lenient, indulgent, permissive, flexible S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+COOR+S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP Romeo displays an implacable love for Juliet, and Juliet expresses the same love for him. =**13-2 Applicable, //Ap// pli ca ble, Branam**= (adj.) capable of being applied: relevant, suitable (syn.) appropriate, fit, apt, apposite (ant.) inappropriate, unsuitable, irrelevant S+(PP+OP+OP)+LV+ADJ+ADV+COOR+PN+LV+(PP+ADV+LV+ADJ) The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet may seem irrelevant today, yet it appears to still be applicable.

=13-15 patent, //pat// ent, Sanders= (n.)exclusive rights over an invention; copyright; (v.) to arrange or obtain such rights; (adj.) plain, open to view; copyrighted (syn.) (n.) exclusive license; (adj.) evident (ant.) (adj.) concealed, hidden, secret, clandestine S+TV+IO+DO+COOR+S+TV+DO+PP Shakespeare patents his plays, so nobody has the right to copy his works.

=13-14 Militate, //Mil// i tate, Partridge= (V.) to have effect or force on or against someone or something, fight against (Syn.) Counter, oppose, work against S+AV+DO, COOR.+S+AV+DO The Montagues and Capulets militate each other, but Romeo and Juliet fall in love.

=13-13 Innocuous, in //noc// u ous, Nnake= (adj.) harmless, inoffensive; insignificant (syn.) feeble, impotent, unobjectionable, insipid (ant.) harmful, dangerous, pernicious, toxic, virulent ADJ+S+PP++AV+ADJ+Coor+INF+S+TV+DO Romeo's relationship with Juliet may seem innocuous, but to the Capulets and Montagues it may seem dangerous.

=13-10 imbibe, im //bibe//, Miller= (v.) to drink; to take in, absorb (syn.) swallow, gulp, quaff, assimilate, digest (ant.) eject, emit, expel, discharge S+AV+ADJ+DO+S+AV+ADJ+DO Romeo attends the Capulet party; he imbibes many drinks.

=13-12 infinitesimal, in fin i tes i mal, Neskow=

(ant.) vast, immense, huge, infinite
ADV+S+TV+DO+PN+TV+DO+LV+ADJ+DO+COOR+__S__+TV+DO+INF

When Romeo kisses Juliet he thinks it is an infinitesimal situation, yet he will learn the grave situations to come.
=13-8, exuberant, ex //u// ber ant, Lazzaroni= (Adj.) High-spirited, enthusiastic, unrestrained; excessive, abundant (Syn.) Lively, ebullient, irrepressible, lavish (Ant.) Depressed, despondent, sulky, restrained S+TV+ADJ+DO+INF-ADJ+OI+COOR+S+LV+ADV+PA+PP-ADV Paris expresses his will to marry Juliet, yet she does not seem exuberant about the idea.

=13-6, decorum, de //cor// um, Karpers= (n.) proper behavior, good taste, orderliness (syn.) seemliness, good form, propriety (an.) impropriety, bad form, bad taste PP+S+AV+ADJ+DO+COOR+S+ADV+AV+DO+PP At the party, Tybalt shows poor decorum, and Capulet quickly reprimands him for his actions.

=13-7, duress, dur //ess,// Lala= (n.) a compulsion by threat; forcible confinement (syn.) intimidation, coercion (ant.) persuasion, coaxing, sweet talk, cajolery S+TV+DO+PP+PP+PP+CA+S+TV+DO+INF Tybalt subjects Romeo to a form of duress at the party; however, Lord Capulet commands him to stop behaving rashly

= = =13-9, facsimile, fac //sim// i le, Maimone= (n.) an exact copy (syn.) replica, duplicate, reproduction, clone (ant.) variation, modification, permutation ADJ+S+PP+LV+ADV+PN+PP+Conj. ADV+ADJ+S+IV+INF+ADJ+INF. The modern version of Shakespeare's //Romeo and Juliet// is not a facsimile of the original; however, several words have been replaced to make it more easy to understand.

=13-3 asset, //as// set, Clark= (n.) something of value: a resource: an advantage (syn.) property, possession, holding, endowment (ant.) drawback, handicap, liability S+TV+(Rel pro. +S+TV+DO)+S+TV+DO+PP+PP Paris claims that he loves Juliet; he is using her as an asset for their money.

=13-5 com //pas// sion, Geritz= (n.) sympathy for another's suffering; pity (syn) concern, empathy (ant.) indifference, heartlessness S+TV+DO+PP+CONJADV+S+AV+INF+OC Benvolio shows compassion towards Romeo; however, Romeo continues to think about Rosaline.

=13-4 beset, be //set,// Galvez= (v.) to attack from all sides; to surround, hem in; (adj.,part.) harassed troubled ; studded (as with jewels) (syn.) assail, harass, badger, pester, torment S+AV+DO+PP+CA+S+AV+DO+AV+DO+PP The citizens of Verona beset the Montague, and Capulet servants during their quarrel; however, Prince Escalus stops the fight and threatens death after the next fight.

=**13-1 Antipathy, an** //tip// **a thy, Adams**= (n.) a strong dislike, hostile feeling

(syn.) hostility, enmity, aversion, bad blood
(ant.) attraction, appeal, allure, sympathy CS+LV+ADJ+N+PP+ADJ+OBJP+Coor+CS+ADV+AV+PP+OBJP The Capulets and Montagues have a strong antipathy for each other, but Romeo and Juliet still fall in love.

=12-15 Quell, Sanders= (v.) the subdue, put down forcibly (syn.) suppress, pacify, squelch, quash, crush (ant.) incite, provoke, arouse, foment, stir up PP+S+TV+DO+Coor+ADJ+V+INF+IO+OI+PP In 1613, a fire burns the Globe Theater, so Shakespeare's supporters try to quell their desire for the building.

=12-13 Nocturnal, Noc //tur// nal, Nnake= (n.) of or occurring in the night; under cover of darkness (syn.) nighttime (ant.) daytime, diurnal ADJ+S+TV+DO+Coor+S+AV+PP+PP Shakespeare's writings contain nocturnal characters, but they may appear in the day as well.

=12-16 Quiescent, qui //es// cent, Takacs= (adj.) inactive; at rest (syn.) still, inert, motionless, dormant, tranquil (ant.) active, thriving, lively, bustling, volatile S+AV+INF+PP+Coor+S+AV+INF+PP The Prince attempts to make the rivalry of the Montagues and the Capulets quiescent, and he threatens to kill disturbers of the peace.

=12-17 Ruminate, Ru //min// ate, McLaughlin= (v.) to meditate, think about at length; to chew the cud (syn.) ponder, reflect, mull over, muse S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+COOR+S+TV+ADV+ADJ+DO+PP Shakespeare ruminates his plays for long amounts of time, for he becomes the most famous writer of the time.

=12-14 Platitude, //Plat// i tude, Partridge= (N.) a commonplace, stale, or rite remark (Syn.) Cliché, truism, bromide (Ant.) Epigram, quip, witticism, bon mot S+ADV+AV+DO+COOR+S+AV+DO+PP Shakespeare does not use platitudes, for he changes the order of his sentences.

=12-10 in //dul// gent, Miller= (adj.) yielding to the wishes or demands of others (syn.) lenient, permissive, tolerant, liberal (ant.) strict, severe, inflexible, hard-nosed ADJ+S+LV+ADJ+PA+(S+LV+ADV+ADJ+PN) Shakespeare's plays feel very creative; he does not appear as an indulgent man. =

= =12-8 Elated, e //la// ted, Lazzaroni= (Adj, part.) In high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased (Syn.) Overjoyed, ecstatic, tickled pink (Ant.) Depressed, crestfallen, despondent, blue S(GER)+OG+TV+DO+ADJ;S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+COOR+TV+ADJ+DO+DO Creating the Globe Theatre makes William Shakespeare elated; He can perform his plays in a larger area.

=12-12, ir //rel// e vant, Neskow= (adj.) Not to the point, not applicable or pertinent (syn.) inapplicable, immaterial, beside the point (ant.)pertinent, material, apropos, germane S+LV+PA+COOR+S+IV+PP+N Shakespeare's plays are not irrelevant, for they relate to his life such as The Tragedy of Hamlet.

=** 12-3, //au// gust, Clark **= (adj.) majestic, inspiring admiration and respect (syn.) stately, dignified, exalted, venerable (ant.) sensitive, compassionate, tenderhearted ADJ+S+PP+TV+ADJ+DO The august dramas Shakespeare writes involve beautiful literature.

=** 12-11, inveterate in //vet// er ate, Milmoe **= (adj.) yielding to the wishes or demands of others (syn.) persisting, chronic, dyed-in-the-wool (ant.) sporadic, intermittent, occasional ADJ+S+ADV+TV+ADJ+DO+PART;CONJ+S+__S__+ADV+IV Inveterate Romeo constantly disobeys his parents in order to see Juliet; however, Juliet and he will never last. = =

= = =** 12-7, Con fla //gra// tion, Lala **= (n.) a large destructive fire (syn.) holocaust, wildfire (ant.) deluge, flood

ADJ+S+V+PP+CA+S+V+DO+PP The original Globe theatre was destroyed in a conflagration; however, this did not stop Shakespeare from building another.

=** 12-9, indelible, **= =** in //del// i ble, Maimone **=

(adj.) not able to be erased or removed; memorable

(syn.) lasting, permanent, unforgettable

(ant.) erasable, impermanent, ephemeral

S+PP+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+,COOR+__S__+IV+ADV+PA+ADJ. The works of William Shakespeare have made an indelible mark on today's literature, and they will never become obsolete.

=** 12-2, Acrid, //Ac// rid, Branam **= = (adj.) harsh in taste or odor; sharp in manner or temper = (syn.) irritating, stinging, bitter, caustic (ant.) gentle, soothing, mild

S+AV+DO+GER+PA+PN+(PP+OP)+N+AV+INF+APOS+COOR+PN+INT+ADV+ADJ+PN+LV+PN

Robert Greene wrote a book containing an acrid attack on an actor historians believe to be William Shakespeare, yet we can not be sure it was him.

=**12-5, clandestine, clan //des// tine, Geritz**= (adj.) secret, concealed; underhanded (syn.) cover, stealthy (ant.) open, overt, undisguised S+TV+ADJ+DO+SC+S+PP+LV+PA (sent.) Shakespeare made many clandestine works; however, most of them became very famous. =

= = 12-6, Compunction, com //pun// tion, Karpers= (n.) remorse, regret

(syn.) scruple, qualm, misgiving, contrition

(ant.) shamelessness, insouciance, nonchalance

ADJ+S+AV+DO+PP+CONJ+__S__+AV+DO+PP

Shakespearian scholars know a lot about Shakespeare's works, but they have compunction due to their lack of knowledge on his life.

= 12-4, callous, //ca// llous, Galvez = (adj.) emotionally hardened, unfeeling (syn.) insensitive, unsympathetic, thick-skinned (ant.) sensitive, compassionate, tenderhearted S+PP+AV+DO+SC+S+AV+PP The works of Shakespeare do not contain callous manuscript; they compose of dramatic and stupendous literature.

=12-1, Abjure, ab //jure//, Adams= (v.) to renounce, repudiate under oath; to avoid, shun (s.) forswear, retract, recant, abstain from (a.) affirm, avow, aver, profess ADJ+S+AV+PP+ADV+OBJP+CONJ+S+LV+AV+RELPRO+ADJ+N+LV+ADV+ADJ+PP+ADJ+OBJP Shakespeare's career lasted about twenty years, but no one can abjure that those years were very exciting in English history.

=** 11-17, Pretext, Pre //text,// McLaughlin **= (n.) a false reason, deceptive excuse (syn.) pretense, cover story, rationale, evasion S+TV+DO+PP+PP+COOR+S+ADV+AV+S+AV+ADV+PP+PP Bailey makes a pretext for moving out of Vivian's house, and he still follows through because he moves out at the age of 16.

= = 11-15 plagiarism, pla gia ris m, Sanders = (n.) passing off or using as one's own the writing (or other materials) of another person (syn.) piracy, theft INF+OI+S+TV+IO+DO+CONJ+DO+CA+ADJ+ S  +IV+ADJ+PA Writing I Know Why the Caged Birds Sing, Maya Angelou expresses her struggles and successes; therefore, her book is not plagiarism.

= 11-12 Obnoxious, ob //nox// ious, Neskow = (adj.) highly offensive, arousing strong dislike (syn.) disagreeable, repugnant, hateful, odious (ant.) agreeable, pleasing, engaging, personable S+PP+LV+ADJ+PN+CONJ+S+PP+TV+PA The people in the South are obnoxiously racist; however, the people in California display more respect.

=11-11 Misconstrue, Mis con //strue// Milmoe= (v.) to interpret wrongly, mistake the meaning of (syn.) misjudge, misinterpret __S__+TV+DO+CONJ+__S__+TV+ADJ+DO+ADJ Everybody misconstrues Maya; however, she keeps her head up.

= 11-14 Placid, //Plac// id, Partridge = (Adj.) Calm, Peaceful (Syn.) undisturbed, tranquil, quiet, serene (Ant.) stormy, agitated, turbulent, tempestuous S+TV+IND.PRO+DO+CONJ+ADJ+S+PP+LV+ADJ Maya hits another car; however, big Bailey's attitude towards the situation is placid.

=11-13 Placate //Pla cate// Nnake= (v.) to appease, soothe, pacify (syn.) satisfy, mollify, allay, conciliate (ant.) vex, irk, provoke, exasperate, annoy PP+S+TV+DO+Coor+S+AV+PP Throughout the story Maya reads novels, and they help in placating her thoughts.

=11-16 Potent, //pot// ent, Takacs= (adj.) powerful; highly effective (syn.) mighty, formidable, forceful (ant.) weak, inept, feckless, powerless, ineffective S+TV+DO+INF+Coor+S+TV+DO+PP Momma uses potent force to scare Dr. Lincoln, and he leaves Stamps as a result.

=11-10 i //ti// ne ra ry, Miller= (n.) a route of travel; a record of travel; a guidebook (syn.) schedule, program S+IV+PN+(COOR+AV+PN) The book //I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings// feels like an itinerary, but classifies as a memoir. =

= =11-5 en //dem// ic, Geritz= (adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people (syn.) indigenous, restricted to (ant.) alien, foreign ADJ+S+PP+TV+DO+COOR+ADJ+S+TV+DO+PP (sent.) The endemic people of Stamps respect Momma, but the white people disrespect Momma and her store.

=11-6 ex //em// pla ry, Karpers= (adj.) worthy of imitation,commendable, serving as a model (syn.) praiseworthy, meritorious, sterling, illustrative (Ant.) infamous, notorious, scandalous, disreputable

S+LV+ADJ+PP+ COOR CONJ+S+AV+DO The children's behavior was not exemplary at Sunday School, and the children earned a beating

=11-7 //fath// om, Lala= (v.) to understand, get to the bottom of, to determine the depth of, (n.) a measure of depth in water (syn.) grasp, comprehend, figure out, plumb ADJ+S+V+DO+APP+SC+S+V+DO+PP Our class read the book //I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,// although we cannot possibly fathom the struggles of Maya's life.

11-9 Integrity, In //teg// ri ty (n.) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness (Syn.) rectitude, probity (Ant.) dishonesty, corruption, turpitude S+ADV+TV+DO+PP+Conj. ADV+__S__+TV+__DO__+PP The children always regard Momma with integrity ; nevertheless, they receive some in return.

=11-2 //clair// voy ant, Branam= (adj.) supernaturally perceptive; (n.) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer (syn.) insightful, discerning, uncanny; (n.) visionary (ant.) blind, unseeing, myopic, dens, imperceptive S+LV+ADJ+COOR+AV+DO Momma seems clairvoyant, yet even she cannot see the future.

=11-4 dis rep u ta ble, Galvez= (adj.) not respectable, not esteemed (syn.) disgraceful, discreditable, shady (ant.) honest, aboveboard, respectable, creditable S+PP+LV+PA+CC+S+AV+PP+DO The fight between Maya and Dolores is disreputable, as it leads to Maya getting cut.

=11-8 Guile, Lazzaroni= (N.) Treacherous cunning, deceit (Syn.) Trickery, duplicity, chicanery (Ant.) Candor, artlessness, naïveté, plain dealing S+LV+PN+COOR+__S__+TV+DO+TV+__DO__ Guile appears Mr. Freeman, for he deceives Maya and hurts her.

=10-15 respite, //res// pite, Sanders= (n.) a period of relief or rest (syn.) interval, intermission, lull, breather GER+PP+TV+DO+CA+S+IV+ADJ+PN Driving to St. Louis scares Maya; therefore, the ride is not a respite.

=10-16 retribution, re tri //bu// tion, Takacs= (n.) A repayment; a deserved punishment. (syn.) recompense, requital, just deserts S+TV+DO+PP(adj)+CA+S+INF Momma demands a retribution from Doctor Lincoln; however, he refuses to pay.

=10-17 Sinuous, //Sin// u ous,McLaughlin= (adj.) winding, having many curves; lithe and flexible (syn.) twisting, convoluted, serpentine, supple (ant.) direct, straight, unbending, stiff, rigid S+TV+ADV+ADJ+DO+PP+CA+S+TV+DO+PP+PP Maya Angelou led a very sinuous life as a child; however, she remains successful as an adult by winning many awards for her novels.

=10-13 Misnomer, Mis //no// mer, Nnake= (n.) an unsuitable or misleading name (Syn.) misnaming, malapropism ADJ+S+LV+PN+Coor+S+LV+PN+PP Momma's name is a misnomer, for she is the grandmother of Maya and Bailey.

=10-12 Lamentable, //Lam// en ta ble, Neskow= (adj.) To be regretted or pitied (syn.) deplorable, regrettable, distressing (ant.) praiseworthy, commendable, laudable S+TV+ADV+PA+COOR+OP+S+IV Mr. Freeman would soon be lamentable for the actions he committed.

=10-11 insuperable, in //su// per a ble, Milmoe= (adj.) incapable of being overcome (syn.) invincible, insurmountable (ant.) surmountable, conquerable S+TV+DO+PP+PP+PP+Coor.+__S__+IV+PP+PP The cotton pickers endure insuperable amounts of pain after a long day out in the fields; nevertheless, they go to church at night.

= = =10-14 Profess, Pro //fess, Partridge//= (V.) to affirm openly; to state belief in; to claim, pretend (Syn.) assert, declare, proclaim, purport (Ant.) disclaim, disavow, repudiate S+IV+DO+PP+COOR.+__S__+TV+IO+INF Maya Angelou professes her hatred for white people; however, she does not attack the white girls, who mock momma. =10-10 Garrulous, gar //ru// lous, Miller= (adj.) given to much talking; tediously chatty (syn.) talkative, loquacious, long-winded (ant.) reticent, mum, taciturn, laconic, reserved S+LV+ADJ+ADJ+AV+DO+(COOR+S+AV+ADJ+DO) Momma is not very garrulous towards the powhitetrash, but she is towards her frequent customers.

=**10-9 Exponent, Ex //po// nent**= (n.) one who advocates, speaks for, explains, or interprets; (math) the power to which a number, symbol, or expression is to be raised. ( syn.) defender, champion, interpreter (ant.) critic, adversary, faultfinder, detractor PP+S+LV+ADV+PA+INF+, Coor.+S+TV+DO+INF+PP During the trial, Maya is too embarrassed to speak, so she needs an exponent to do it for her. =

= =**10-2 Allure, al //lure, BRANAM//**=
 * //(def)//** to entice, tempt, to be atrracted to, a strong attraction, the power to attract, charm

//(syn) beguile, tantalize, temptaion, enticement// //(ant.) repel, turn off, repellent//

//S+LV+AV+PP+OP// //Bailey is allured by the big city of St. Louis.// = = =10-3 Askew, a //skew,// Clark= (adj, adv.) twisted to one side, crooked; disapprovingly (syn.) awry, lopsided, cockeyed (ant.) glum, morose, despondent, depressed S+TV+DO+ADJ+PP+COOR+S+V+PA Maya finds the situtation askew in St. Louis, for she fits in well.

=10-5 Contentious, Con //ten// tious, Geritz= (adj.) quarrelsome, inclined in argue (syn.) argumentative, combative (ant.) agreeable, amiable, pacific ADJ+S+TV+DO+PP+PP+CC+__S__+TV+DO+PP The contentious boys tease Momma in front of her store, but she remains quite and without anger.

**10-4 Blithe, blithe, Galvez**
(adj.) cheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned (syn.) carefree, nonchalnant, indifferent (ant.) glum, morose, despondent, depressed S+AV+DO+PP The rude children could not stop Momma's blithe humming, even with their mockery of her.

=10-7 Crestfallen, //crest// fal len, Lala= (adj.) discouraged, dejected, downcast (syn.) despondent, disconsolate (ant.) elated, cheerful, self-satisfied, cocky ADV+S+LV+PA+S+LV+ADV+INF Whenever Maya becomes crestfallen, Bailey is there to cheer her up.

=10-6 Covet, //cov// et, Karpers= (v.) to desire something belonging to another (syn.) crave, yearn for, hunger for (ant.) disdain, scorn, despise S+AV+DO+__S__+AV+PP Mr. Freeman coveted Maya, but he got killed for his actions.

=10-8 Disheveled, di //shev// eled, Lazzaroni= (Adj.) Rumpled, mussed; hanging in disorder (Syn.) Untidy, disarranged, tousled, unkempt (Ant.) Tidy, neat, orderly, well-groomed (SC-ADV+S+TV+DO)+__S__+TV+I__O__+DO-INF+PP-ADV+CA+S+LV+ADV+PA+(__S__+TV+DO+PP-ADV+GER-OP+PP-ADV) After Mr. Freeman hurts Maya, he tells her to walk to the library; however, Maya is so disheveled she comes home before arriving at the library.

=9-17 Poignant, //Poign// ant, McLaughlin= (adj.) deeply affecting, touching; keen or sharp in taste or smell (syn.) heartrending, bittersweet, melancholy (ant.) unaffecting, bland, vapid, insipid, funny PP+S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+PP+COOR+S+ADV+IV+TV+DO In Maya Angelou's novel, she receives poignant feelings from her relatives' criticism of her, but Bailey always rebounds and mocks their children.

=9-13 Inkling, //Ink// Ling, Nnake= ( n.) a hint; a vague notion (syn). clue, intimation, suggestion S+TV+DO+PP+COOR+S+AV+TV+DO+PP Momma is respected in Stamps, therefore, one can give an inkling to why she is so popular.

=9-16 Palatable, //pal// a ta ble, Takacs= (adj) Agreeable to the taste or one's sensibilities; suitable for consumption. (syn) edible, appetizing, attractive (ant) inedible, distasteful, disagreeable S+TV+DO+PP+CA+S+TV+ADV+DO+LV+PA Reverend Howard blesses supper before Sunday Mass; however, he preaches so long dinner becomes unpalatable

=9-11 Gnarled, //Gnarled,// Milmoe= (adj.) knotted, twisted, lumpy (syn.) knotty, misshapen, contorted (ant.) smooth, unblemished, straight ADJ+S+PP+TV+IO+DO+PP+CA+S+IV+PP+IV A gnarled hatred for white folks manifests its way into Maya's mind; hopefully, the hatred will fade as the story progresses.

=9-14 Limpid, //Lim// pid, Partridge= (adj.) clear, transparent; readily understood (syn.) lucid, intelligible (ant.) clouded, murky, opaque S+IV+ADV+ADJ+DO+CA+LV+ADJ+SC+OP+TV+ADJ+IO Maya Angelo may have good writing skills; However, it is limpid that children in the south were not well spoken.

=9-12 Indemnity, in //dem// ni ty, Neskow= (n.) A payment for a loss (syn.) compensation, restitution, reparation S+LV+PA+COOR+S+TV+DO+OP Uncle Willie is crippled, yet he received no indemnities for his injury.

(v.) to rejoice greatly (syn.) revel, glory (ant.) mope, sulk, regret, rue, lament S+IV+COOR+S+AV+PP+OP Momma exults, for Uncle Willie was not caught by the white supremacists.
 * 9-10 Exult, ex //ult//, Miller **

=9-5 capricious, ca pric ious, Geritz= (adj.)subject to whims or passing fancies (syn.)impulsive, fickle, unprecictable, mercurial (ant.)constant, steady, steadfast, unwavering S+LV+ADJ+PN+IV+PP+OP+PP+OP Momma is never a capricious person, she acts with care and love at all times.

=9-4 brash, Galvez= ( adj.) prone to act in a hasty manner; impudent (syn.) rash, impetuous, brazen, impertinent (ant.) prudent, wary, cautious, circumspect S+LV+PN+PP+SC+S+AV+DO+S+DO+PP+PP+PP Momma is not brash towards the people of the town, as she lets barbers give haircuts to the customers in the shade of the porch.

=9-1 allocate, //al// lo cate= (v.) to set apart or designate for a special purpose, to distribute (syn.) assign, allot, apportion S+N+LV+ADJ+PP+OBJ+COOR+PSSP+ADJ+PP+AV+N Momma's store is not only bustling with customers, but it's also neat with all of her allocated goods. =

= =9-3 assiduous, a//s sid// u ous, Clark= (adj.) persistent, attentive, diligent (syn.) industrious, unremitting, sedulous (ant.) lazy, lackadaisical, shiftless ADJ+S+AV+PA+PP+COOR+S+AV+DO The assiduous kids work hard in their uncle's store, but they make no money.

=**9-7 Copious, //co// pi ous, Lala**= (adj.) abundant; plentiful; wordy, verbose (syn.) ample, profuse, bountiful (ant.) inadequate, meager, scanty, concise ADJ+S+IV+PP+PP+CA+S+TV+DO+ADV Momma's store consists of copious amounts of food; however, Maya and her brother eat sardines and crackers every night.

=9-8 Deviate, //de// vi ate, Lazzaroni= (V.) To turn aside; to stray form a norm; (n.) One who departs from a norm; (Adj.) Differing from a norm, heterodox, unconventional (Syn.) (V.) diverge, veer, swerve (Ant.) (V.) Conform to, abide by; (Adj.) Orthodox S+S+IV+PP+COOR+__S__+IV++PP+INF-DO+ADJ+OV Bailey and Maya deviate from their friends and neighbors, for they travel into northern Stamps to buy fresh meat.

=8-16 recalcitrant, re //cal// ci trant, Takacs= (adj.) stubbornly disobedient, resisting authority (syn.) unruly, obstinate, contrary, ornery (ant.) obedient, docile, cooperative,compliant S+APP+TV+DO+PP+,+ Coor+__S__+TV+DO+(Rel Pro+ADJ+__S__+IV) Ian Woodall, a recalcitrant man, denies Hall's request for help, and he keeps the radio that the stranded climbers need.

=8-15 quandary, quand ary, Sanders= (n.) a state of perplexity or doubt (syn.) confusion, dilemma, predicament S+PP+TV+DO,C+S+IV+PP The dissent from the summit brought quandary, yet the climbers push through the storm.

=8-13 omnivorous, om //ni// vo rous, Nnake= (adj.) eating every kind of food; eagerly taking in everything, having a wide variety of tastes (syn.) all-devouring, voracious S+TV+DO+ADJ+Coor+AV+PP People climb Everest not while omnivorous, and it helps to maintain safety.

=8-11 multifarious, mul ti far i ous, Milmoe= (adj.) having great variety; numerous and diverse (syn.) varied, manifold, heterogeneous (ant.) unvaried, uniform, homogeneous S+PP+IV+PP+CC+RP+ __ S __ +TV+DO The multifarious group of climbers trek to the pinnacle, so that they earn glory. =8-10 Ingenuous, in ge //nu// ous, Miller= (adj.) innocent, simple; frank, sincere (syn.) naive, artless, guileless, candid (ant.) artful, crafty, worldly, sophisticated ADJ+S+(S+AV+ADJ+DO+PP+PP)+AV+ADJ+DO+PP The ingenuous climbers, who are spending a vast amount of money to climb, entrust their lives to the expedition guide.

=8-8 Decrepit, de //crep// it, Lazzaroni= (Adj.) Old and feeble; worn-out, ruined (Syn.) Infirm, broken-down, rickety, dilapidated (Ant.) Vigorous, robust, sturdy ADJ+S+PP+IV+PP+PP+CA+__S__+IV+ADV+PP The decrepit ropes on the summit contribute to delays in the assent; nevertheless, they push onward to the peak.

=8-9 deride, de //ride//, Maimone= (v.) to ridicule, to laugh at with contempt (synonyms) mock, scorn, jeer at (antonyms) praise, extol, acclaim, applaud S+PP+PP+TV+ADV+DO+PP,PP+S+PP+IV+PP+PP Survivors of the tragic ordeal in 1996 do not deride each other about their mistakes, even though some of them resulted in the fatalities of other climbers.

=**8-2 ap //a// thy, Branam**= (n.) a lack of feeling, emotion, or interest (syn.) indifference, disinterest, detachment (ant.) enthusiasm, fervor, ardor, concern N+N+LV+ADJ+PN+TV+DO+PP+OP The storms of Mt. Everest are apathetic, they will kill all climbers without remorse.

=**8-7 //con// se crate, Lala**= (v) to make sacred, hallow; to set apart for a special purpose (syn.) devote, dedicate, sanctify (ant.) desecrate, defile, profane, dishonor S+TV+DO+PP+CA+S+TV+DO The sherpas consecrate their lives to Mt. Everest; however, they recieve little pay.

=**8-3 app re //hen// sive, Clark**= (adj.) fearful or anxious, especially about the futur e (syn.) worried, nervous, fretful, jittery (ant.) unworried, assured, confident, certain ADJ+ S+PP+DO+V+PP+CA+S+V+PP
 * Many people on Mount** **Everest act very apprehensive about what will happen; however, they still fight to the peak.**

=**8-4 co //mmend, Galvez//**= (v.) to praise, express approval, to present as worthy of attention; to commit to the care of (syn.) applaud, entrust (ant.) abhor, loathe S+AV+DO+PP+CA+S+AV+DO+PP People commend John Krakauer for climbing Mt. Everest; however, many other climbers that perish deserve the same amount of praise as he does.

=** 8-1 Animosity, an i //mos// i ty, Adams **= (n.) strong dislike; bitter hostility (syn.) enmity rancor antipathy (ant.) affection fondness rapport amity S+N+LV+P+DO+P+PPN+OBJP+P+AV+DO A guides main animosity is for one of their clients to not reach the summit. =

= =**7-2 Amend, //a mend//, Branam**= (n.) to change in a formal way; to change for the better (syn.) modify, improve, correct (ant.) none ADJ+S+(S+LV+TV+AV+PP)+AV+AV+PP+N+PP Foolish climbers, who don't ascend carefully up Mt. Everest, must amend their ways before making the climb.

=7-4 Chaos, //cha// os, Galvez= (n.) great confusion, disorder (syn.) anarchy, turmoil, pandemonium (ant.) order, regularity, tranquillity ADV+S+TV+DO (S+IV+PP) CONJ ADV, S+IV+ADV+IV+PPAs As John Krakauer climbs Mt. Everest, he and his team run in to much chaos; however, they push through and climb to the top.

= 7-1 Abhor, ab // hor, Adams //= (v.) to regard with horror or loathing; to hate deeply (syn.) detest, despise, abominate (ant.) admire, cherish, respect, relish S+V+PP+IO+DO, CONJ+S+LV+PN+HV+V Any guide would hate for one of their client to die, but the reality is that it can happen.

=7-9 Implicate, //Im// pli cate, Maimone= (v.) to involve in; to connect with or be related to (syn.) incriminate, entangle (ant.) absolve, exculpate S+TV+DO+PP+PP+PP; CONJ, +__S__+IV+PN+PP John Krakauer implicates himself with the tragedy on Mt. Everest in May, 1996; however, he was able to survive the ordeal.

=Ominous, //om// in ous, Neskow= (adj) unfavorable, threatening, of bad omen (syn) unpropitious, inauspicious, portentous (ant) propitious, auspicious, promising S+(S+LV+DO)+AV+ADJ+DO The weather, which is unpredictable, created an ominous sense.

=6-8 Inopportune, In op por //tune//, Lazzaroni= (adj.) Coming at a bad time; not appropriate (syn.) Ill-timed, inconvenient, inappropriate, unsuitable (ant.) Timely, convenient, felicitous, opportune S+(S+AV+DO)+AV+DO+P+ADJ+OP The Ravens, who could have won the game, committed a penalty at an inopportune time.

=6-11 Officious, of //fic// ious, Milmoe= (adj.) meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority (syn.) meddlesome, prying, impertinent, obtrusive (ant.) reserved, diffident, timid, aloof S+(__S__+ADV+AV+DO)+AV+ADJ+DO The officious man, who constantly gets in trouble, gets his act together.

=6-15 rampant, //ram// pant, Sanders= (adj.) growing without check, running wild (syn.) widespread, unrestrained, extravagant, prevalent (ant.) controlled, restrained S+(__S__+AV+ADJ+DO)+AV+PP The Black Death, which has a rampant spread, originates in China.

=6-13 pinnacle, pin //na// cle, Nnake= (n.) a high peak or point (syn.) apex, acme, summit, apogee (ant.) nadir, perigee, low point S+(S+AV+DO)+AV+DO+PP Jennifer, who likes climbing, reached the pinnacle of Mt. Everest.

=6-16 solace, //sol// ace, Takacs= (n.) comfort, relief; (v.) to comfort, console. (syn.) (v.) soothe, reassure, cheer up (ant.) (v.) vex, aggravate, upset S+(S+AV+ADJ+DO)+AV+DO Obama, who works a stressful job, seeks solace.

=6-14 Premeditated, Pre //med// itated, Partridge= (Adj.) Considered beforehand, deliberately planned (Syn.) Preplanned, rehearsed, calculated, prearranged (Ant.) Unplanned, spontaneous, impromptu S+(S+LV+ADJ)+LV+ADJ The heist, which was premeditated, was successful.

=6-17 Stately, //State// ly, McLaughlin= (adj,) dignified, majestic (Syn.) grand, magnificent, imposing (Ant.) lowly, humble, servile, abject S+(S+AV+PP)+AV+ADV+PP The man, who went to the Thanksgiving party, ate plenty of stately food.

=7-15 somber, //som// ber, Sanders= (adj.) dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit (syn.) mournful, dismal (ant.) bright, sunny, lighthearted, cheerful, jaunty ADJ+S+PP+TV+DO+PP;CONJ,+C+IV The somber and dangerous weather on the mountain brought fear to the climbers; however, Jon persevered.

=7-14 Reprehensible, Rep re //hen// si ble, Partridge= (adj.) Deserving blame or punishment (syn.) Objectionable, blameworthy, culpable, odious (ant.) Commendable, blameless, meritorious S+P+OP+ADJ+, Coor+IO+AV+DO The Climbers in //Into Thin Air// are not reprehensible, and they helped Tenzing.

=7-16 squalid, //squal// id, Takacs= (adj.) filthy, wretched, debased (syn.) dingy, sordid, foul, vile, abject (ant.) neat, spruce, exalted, lofty S+TV+DO+PP+,+Coor+S+TV+ADJ+DO Everest accumulates trash every year, and Base Camp has become a squalid place.

=7-12 Obviate, //ob// vi ate, Neskow= (v.) to anticipate, and prevent; to remove, dispose of (syn.) preclude, forestall, ward off (ant.) - S+TV+DO+PP, COOR+S+TV+DO+PP Climbers must obviate fear from their minds so they can climb Everest without dying.

=7-13 Renegade, //ren// a gade, Nnake= (n.) one who leaves a group; a deserter, outlaw; (adj.) traitorous; unconventional, unorthodox (syn.) (n.) turncoat, defector, heretic (ant.) (n.) loyalist, patriot ADJ+S+TV+DO+PP, Coor+S+V+TV+DO+PP The determined climbers became renegades of themselves, and they decided to summit Everest at different times.

=7-11 martinet, mar ti //net,// Milmoe= (n.) a strict disciplinarian; a stickler for the rules (syn.) taskmaster, slave driver S+TV+DO;CONJ+PRO+V+ADV+PA The sherpas have to be martinets; therefore, They must be extremely careful.

=7-17 turbulent, tur bu //lent//, McLaughlin= (adj.) disorderly, riotous, violent; stormy (syn.) tumultuous, unruly, agitated (ant.) calm, placid, tranquil, still ADJ+S+PP+AV+DO+PP, Conj. ADV+S+AV+DO+PP The turbulent terrain of Mount Everest causes the deaths of many climbers; however, climbers receive praise after reaching the summit.

**7-10 Inter, in ter, Miller** (v.) to bury, commit to the earth; to consign to oblivion (ant.) unearth,exhume PP+ADJ+S+AV+(Coor+S+AV) On the mountain many climbers died, and as a result they were not able to be interred.

=**7-7 Discern, dis //cern,// Lala**= (v.) to see clearly, recognize (syn.) perceive, detect, distinguish (ant.) overlook S+TV+DO+PP+CA+__S__+LV+PA+PP The climbers discern the dangers before they climb; however, they are still vulnerable to fault.

=7-8 Extant, //ex// tant, Lazzaroni= (Adj.) Still existing; not exterminated, destroyed, or lost (Syn.) Surviving, in existance (Ant.) Extinct, defunct, vanished ADJ+S+PP+LV+PN+INF-ADJ+CA+S-GER+OG+TV+DO The extant history of Everest is one to honor; therefore, reaching the pinnacle glorifies climbers.

=7-5 Commodious, com //mo// di ous, Geritz= (adj.) roomy, spacious (syn.) comfortable, ample, capacious (ant.) cramped, claustrophobic, insufficient ADJ+S+PP+TV+DO+CA+S+TV+DO+PP The commodious tents on the mountain frighten the climbers; however, the climbers need the tents to survive.

=7-6 Corrosive, cor //ro// sive, Karpers= (adj.) eating away gradually, acidlike, bitterly sarcastic

(syn.) caustic, mordant, acidulous, spiteful

(ant.) bland, mild, benign, amiable

PP+S+AV+ADJ+DO+(COOR+ADJ+S+LV+PA+PP) On Everest, It is very dangerous without oxygen, for oxygen loss is corrosive to your brain cells.'

=8-6 Condolence, Con //do// lence, Karpers= (n.) an expression of sympathy (syn.) commiseration, solace, sympathy S+AV+DO+(COOR+__S__+AV+Inf+Object of the Gerund) The mountain gives no condolences, and it continues to buffet the climbers

= 8-12 Obsolete, Ob so //lete,// Neskow = (adj.) out-of-date, no longer in use (syn.) outmoded, antiquated, passé, old hat (ant.) current, up-to-date, brand-new S+TV+ADJ+DO+PP+CA+S+TV+DO Edmund Hillary uses obsolete gear to climb; however, he reaches the summit

=8-14 Parsimonious, Par si //mo// ni ous, Partridge= (Adj.) Stingy, miserly; meager, poor, small (Syn.) Frugal, niggardly, penny-pinching, cheap (Ant.) Generous, openhanded S+OP+TV+ADJ+ADJ+DO+CA+S+TV+DO The town of Lobuje has Parsimonious living conditions; therefore, Andy becomes sick.

=8-17 Reprisal, Re //pris// al, McLaughlin= (n.) an injury done in return for an injury (Syn.) retaliation, revenge, retribution S+PP+IV+ADJ+ADJ+PP+PP+COOR+S+TV+DO+PP The climbers of Mount Everest leave excessive amounts of trash at base camp, so they receive reprisals for their mistakes.